At EU level, net imports of electricity in 2022 represented 0.5% of the electricity available for final consumption, whereas in 2023, according to preliminary data, this figure decreased to -0.1%, implying that the EU was a net exporter. However, there were significant differences between various EU Member States.
In 2023, according to preliminary data, the biggest net importers of electricity in absolute values were Italy, Hungary, Portugal and Germany, while France, Sweden, Spain and Czechia were the biggest net exporters of electricity.
In the case of Latvia, the country had approximately the same amount o eletricity available for final consumption (6,718 gigawatt hours in 2022 and 6,560 gigawatt hours [provisional] in 2023). However, 34% of that amount was imported in 2022 versus just 12.4% in 2023.
The 2023 figure is considerably lower than for both Estonia (46.6%) and Lithuania (62.4%) which were the highest in the EU after Luxembourg's figure of 88.1%.
On the other side of the scale, the percentages of net exports of electricity in Sweden were 23.1%, Czechia 16.0%, Slovak Republic 15.3%, France 12.2% and Slovenia 12.0%.
